Anthelmintic Activity of Hiptage benghalensis (L) Kurz Leaves

 

 

Chordiya SV1*, Pimprikar RB2, Yeshwante SB2, Tanvir Shaikh2, Patil PN3, Kale MK4 and Firke BM4

1V.M. College of Pharmacy, Salem (T.N.)

2Gangamai College of Pharmacy, Nagaon, Dhule

3Science College, Nagaon, Dhule (M.S.)

4KYDSCT,s College of Pharmacy, Sakegaon, Jalgaon (M.S.)

 

 

ABSTRACT

Worm infestation is one of the major global public health problems, more so in tropical countries. Worms can cause various GI and general symptoms. In addition some of them can cause blood lose, nutritional deficiencies. Helminthiasis is among the most important animal health problems. The disease is highly prevalent particularly in developing countries. In present study Aqueous and ethanolic extract of Hiptage benghalensis (L) kurz, belonging to family Malpighiaceae leaves were investigated for anthelmintic activity. The extracts were used in concertrations of 5, 10 and 25mg/ml and the process involves determination of time of paralysis and time of death of Pheritima posthuma (earth worm). Among the two extracts tested, aqueous extract showed more potent activity against the worm when compared with standard drug Piperazine citrate.

 

KEYWORDS: Anthelmintic, Hiptage bengalensis, Piperazine citrate, Aqueous extract.

 

 

INTRODUCTION

Helminthiasis is among the most important animal health problems, which inflicts heavy production losses. The disease is highly prevalent particularly in developing countries . Chemical control of helminthes coupled with improved management has been an important worm control strategy throughout the world. However, increasing problems of development of resistance in helminthes against anthelmintics have led to the proposal of screening medicinal plants for their anthelmintic activities [1,2]. The plants are known to provide a rich source of botanical anthelmintics. [3,4] Helminthiasis causes one of the major problem in world population about 2 billion effected worldwide helminthes like round worms, hook worms, thread worms, tape worms, filarial worms. These worms can cause various GI and general symptoms. In addition some of them can cause blood lose, nutritional deficiencies, urticaria and other allergic manifestations and even intestinal obstructions, roundworms have been implicated in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma in endemic areas. Hence the present study aims at the development of newer anthelmintic agent from natural resource [5,6]. Due to side effects associated with current therapy aim was to find new and safe drug from natural origin.

 

 

 

MATERIAL AND METHODS:

Plant Material:

For the study the leaves of Hiptage benghalensis (L) kurz leaves belonging to family Malphigiaceae were used

 

 

 

Table 1: Anthelmintic Activity of Ethanolic and Aqueous Extracts of Hiptage benghalensis

S. No

Treatment groups

Concentration (mg/ml)

Time taken for Paralysis (min)

Time taken for Death (min)

1.

Control

0.9 NaCl

-

-

2.

Piperazine

Citrate (Std)

5

65±0.5*

72±0.5*

10

52±0.4*

61±0.2*

25

33±0.5*

40±0.3*

3.

Aqueous extract

5

78±0.4*

93±0.7*

10

61±0.2*

81±0.3*

25

44±0.5*

63±0.4*

4.

Ethanolic extract

5

92±0.7*

115±0.5*

10

76±0.3*

99±0.4*

25

58±0.5*

84±0.3*

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Value are mean ± S.E.M., N=3 worm in each group, * P<0.05, is considered as significant as compared with standard value.

 

 

Preparation of extracts:

Aqueous extract:

The dried leaves were extracted with chloroform water by cold maceration process for 7 days. At the end of 7th days, it was filtered through muslin cloth and the filtrate was concentrated. The brown colour residue was obtained. The residue was then stored in desiccators.

 

Ethanol extract:

The marc left after petroleum ether extraction was dried and then extracted with ethanol 95% v/v (75-78°C), until the extraction was completed. After completion of extraction, the solvent was removed by distillation. Dark brown colour residue was obtained. The residue was then stored in dessicator.

 

Anthelmintic activity:1,2

The anthelmintic activity was carried out on pheritima posthuma (Earthworm). piparazine citrate used as a standard drug for comparison of activity. Ten groups each containing three earthworms was taken .Piperazine citrate was diluted with normal saline to obtain 5,10 and 25 mg/ml served as standard and poured into Petri dishes. The aqueous and ethanolic extracts were evaluated using dose 5, 10, and 25 mg/ml. Normal saline served as solvent control. All these extracts were poured into the Petri dishes. Three earthworms nearly equal size about 8 cm long were placed in each petridish at room temperature. The mean paralysis time and mean lethal time for each sample was recorded (Each reading was taken in triplicate). Time of death was the time when the earthworm did not respond to external stimuli.

 

 

RESULT AND DISCUSSION:

The anthelmintic activity of ethanolic and  aqueous extract at various concentration 5, 10 and 25mg/ml were compared with standard drug peperazine citrate. The aqueous extract showed significant activity as shown in Table 1. The activity might be due to presence of various phytoconstituents present in the plant.

 

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:

We are thankful to our family and our guides for their support

 

REFERENCE:

1.       Geerts, Dorny P. Anthelmintic resistance in helminthes of animals and man in the tropics, Bull. Séance. Acadr. Sci. Outre-Mer Meded. Itt. K. Acad. Overzeese wet. 1995; 41: 401-424.

2.       Coles C. Nematode control practices and anthelmintic resistance on British Sheep Farms. Veterinary Record. 1997; 141: 91-93.

3.       Nadkarni AK. Indian Materia Medica, Popular Prakashan Pvt Ltd, Bombay, India.1998.

4.       The wealth of India- A dictionary of Indian Raw Materials and Industrial Products, National institute of Science communication and information research, CSIR, New Delhi; 2003

5.       Satoskar RS, Bhandarkar SD, Rege NN. Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapautics 20th edn, 798

6.       Natarajan D, Britto SJ, Srinivasan K, Nagamurugan N, Mohansundari C, Perumal G. Anti-bacterial activity of Euphorbia fusiformis—A rare medicinal herb. J. Ethno Pharmacol. 2005;102:123-126.

7.       Hiptage benghalensis (L).Kurz. Syn. H.madablota Gaert. (Glossary Indian medicinal plants-Chopra and Nayer PID, New Delhi – 1956. p.134.

 

 

 

Received on 08.10.2009

Accepted on 10.11.2009     

© A&V Publication all right reserved

Research Journal of Pharmacognosy  and Phytochemistry. 1(3): Nov. – Dec. 2009, 234-235